This is a standard

 PrEN14825 This is a standard under development that aims to cover the laboratory testing and a calculation model for SPF calculations for electric driven heat pumps. The heat pumps are tested at a number of different part load conditions (4-6) designed for heating or cooling the house to a set temperature of 16°C at different outdoor temperatures. Different test conditions are given for each type of heat pump.  This standard serves as an input for the calculation of the system energy efficiency in heating mode of specific heat pump systems in buildings, as stipulated in the standard EN15316-4-2:2008.
System limits The model can be used to calculate the seasonal performance factor for air/air- ground source- and air source- heat pumps. The model does not include any losses from the house. To complete the heat demand of the building a backup heater with COP that equals to 1 is accounted for. The system boundary in SPF 4 applies. (Data is treated according to EN14511 where the effect of heat sink pumps and ventilation fans is corrected to overcome the pressure differences of the heat pump

Summary of already

Summary of already performed field measurements. In order to evaluate already made field measurements in Sweden, or made by Swedish manufacturers, meetings in the project discussed earlier made field measurements. The result is that there has been a large number of field measurements made during the last decades, see Appendix 1 and references [4- 6], but few studies have had the specific goal to examine the SPF. In order to make detailed analyses of the performance, also detailed data from the measurements are needed, and this was only available in two studies, the SP study ”Erfarenheter från fältutvärdering av fem bergvärmepumpar i Sjuhärad” and the Fraunhofer study “Heat Pump Efficiency” where a number of Swedish heat pump manufacturers participated with heat pump units. For Air-air heat pumps, only one study has been found [7]. These three studies are describes more in detail below

Similarly

Similarly, branch E must have the same pressure loss as the sum of losses in branches J, H, and F.  From Table 2 this loss is .026+.001+.010 = .037 in. of water.  Branch E has an equivalent length of 17 ft + 35 ft (elbow) = 52 ft.  The loss per 100 ft then is .037(100/52) = .071 in. /100 ft.  Locate the point .071 and 247cfm in an air friction chart.  From this point read the duct velocity to be 650 fpm and the duct size to be 8.5 inches in diameter.  
The remaining branches are sized using the same procedure.  This results in all branches having the same total pressure loss while having the required amount of flow in each branch.
8. Ventilation
The ventilation for this study was assumed to enter through an outside duct into the air handler.  If instead the fresh air is brought directly into the premises, the ventilation contributes to the sensible and latent heat loads of the interior space.  Assuming 320 cfm satisfies code requirements, the sensible load from the ventilation is given by equation 8
                      q = 1.1 (320) (95 – 80) = 5280 Bt/hr
The total internal sensible load is 35274 + 5280 = 40554 Btu/hr and the new flow rate required from the air handler is
© Gary D. Beckfeld  Page 15 of 21
                     w = 40554/ ((1.1) (95-80)) = 2457 ft3 /min
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Similarly, the latent load from the ventilation can be calculated and a new total latent heat load and new sensible heat ratio, SHR, found.  Entering the new SHR on the psychrometric chart locates a new point 1, new coil temperature, and new enthalpy values for resizing the required cooling tonnage.
9. Cooling Load Temperature Difference and Heating Degree Days
In the heat conduction equation 2, the difference between the maximum outside temperature and desired inside temperature was used.   Equation 2 can also be used a

These energy losses

These energy losses have two differenteffects: 1) They increase the energy consumption of the system (the equipmenthas to provide greater air flow to compensate for the losses). 2) The airflow passing through the ductloses its original hygrometric characteristics and reaches the targetareas with a humidity and temperature differentto thatanticipated by the original design.
The effective solution for avoiding such losses is a combination of two measures: 1) Provide the ductnetwork with effective thermal insulation,(for example,either constructed from insulating panel material – such as ISOVER glass wool ductboards,or adding insulation,either as ductwrap or ductliner from ISOVER glass wool or ULTIMATE. 2) Minimize air leakage atducts joints.When glass wool ductboards are used,the joints are tightly sealed, thus minimizing thermal via this route. If metal ducts insulated with mineral wool insulation areplanned,then joints need to be sealed to preventair leakage.
b) Condensation
Another importantcharacteristic,linked to appropriate thermal insulation,is the possibility of condensation in ducts (see chapter 2).
All such projects arerequired to avoid condensation in the ductnetwork,as this invariable leads to mould or bacterial infestation of the system.At this point it should be noted that neither ISOVER mineral wool norULTIMATE new generation mineral wool encourage the developmentor proliferation of moulds.

BASIC OPERATION

BASIC OPERATION
4.1 TURNING ON THE SCALE
Plug in the unit using the AC adapter or use batteries. Do not use battery power and
the AC adapter at the same time.
1) To turn on press the [on/off] key once and release. All of the segments on
the display will light up, then the display shows zero >0<
2) The scale is ready to be used.
3) To turn the scale off after use press the [on/off] key again. There is an auto
power-off function that will automatically turn the unit off after 4 min of
inactivity or no change in the weight reading.

Strategy to reduce return noise

Figure 8. Strategy to reduce return noise
As air speed increases in duct systems, so does the noise level. Ducts are sized to maintain the
maximum velocity of air without adding noise to the room. The type of air outlet chosen and its
placement in the room will have an impact on the noise levels in the house. Air that leaves an air
outlet at a higher velocity than the outlet is intended to handle will create an undesirable
whistling or hissing noise. Improperly placed or selected air outlets can also create a draft in the
occupied zone, which is a perceived comfort issue. When selecting an air outlet, the
manufacturer’s performance data will list a noise criteria (NC) rating based on a very specific set
of testing data. The NC ratings are based on laboratory testing of the air outlets. It is important to
realize that the listed criteria are for only that specific test situation; however, the data provide a
comparative rating. The NC ratings for residential settings are NC 30 or lower. Table 1 shows
how the NC ratings apply to familiar settings

F.3 Cargo holds

F.3 Cargo holds
F.3.1 General
F.3.1.1 Cargo hold ventilating systems are to be separated from the ventilation systems serving other
spaces.
F.3.1.2 If cargo holds are subdivided for reasons of stability, freeboard or fire protection (e.g. separate
flooding with CO2) this has to be taken into account for the design of the ventilation systems.
F.3.1.3 Air ducts and components of ventilation systems are to be so installed that they are protected
from damage.
F.3.1.4 For the types of protection generally to be applied for ventilating systems and the associated
electrical equipment, see the GL Rules for Electrical Installations (I-1-3), Section 1, Table 1.10.
F.4 Dangerous goods in packaged form
F.4.1 The requirements on the capacity of the ventilation system, the certified safe type of electrical
explosion protection, the electrical protection and mechanical design are summarised in the GL Rules for
Machinery Installations (I-1-2), Section 12 P, Table 12.10a to 12.10e and are related to the requirements
indicated in SOLAS, Chapter II-2, Regulation 19.
F.4.2 If mechanical ventilation is required, independent exhaust ventilation is to be provided for the
removal of gases and vapours from the upper and lower part of the cargo space. This requirement is considered
to be met if the ducting is arranged such that approximately 1/3 of the air volume is removed from
the upper part and 2/3 from the lower part. The position of air inlets and air outlets shall be such as to
prevent short circuiting of the air. Interconnection of the hold atmosphere with other spaces is not permitted.

Ventilation Requirements for the Carriage of Dangerous

Ventilation Requirements for the Carriage of Dangerous
Goods
F.1 Zone 1 (Hazardous area)
F.1.1 Areas in which a dangerous gas/air mixture, dangerous vapours or a dangerous quantity and
concentration of dust are liable to occur from time to time are defined to be areas subject to explosion
hazard and are defined to be Zone 1.
F.1.2 Zone 1-areas are:
 closed cargo spaces intended for carriage of solid goods in bulk which may develop dangerous dust
 closed cargo spaces and closed or open ro-ro cargo spaces, intended for carriage of explosive substances
in packaged form, flammable liquids with a flash point  23 °C in packaged form, flammable
gases and highly dangerous bulk cargoes which under certain conditions develop a potentially explosive
gaseous atmosphere,
 enclosed or semi-enclosed rooms with non-closable direct openings to zone 1 areas
 ventilation ducts for zone 1-areas
 areas on open deck or semi-enclosed spaces on open deck within 1.5 m around ventilation openings
of ventilation ducts for zone 1-areas.

Oxygen-acetylene storage rooms

Oxygen-acetylene storage rooms
E.15.1 Gas cylinder storage rooms are to be fitted with ventilation systems capable of providing at
least six air changes per hour based on the gross volume of the room. The ventilation system is to be
independent of ventilation systems of other spaces. The fans are to be of certified safe type IIC T2 and of
the non-sparking construction, see D.6
E.15.2 It is to be observed that a room temperature of 40 °C will not be exceeded.
E.15.3 If gas cylinders are stored in cabinets, openings for natural ventilation are to be provided in the
upper and the lower part.
E.16 Storage places of gas bottles for domestic purposes
The requirements as per E.15 apply.
E.17 Helicopter refuelling and hangar facilities
E.17.1 Enclosed hangar facilities or enclosed spaces containing refuelling installations shall be provided
with mechanical ventilation, as required for closed ro-ro spaces of cargo ships in accordance with
H.
E.17.2 Vessels for which the Class Notation HELILF will be assigned the GL Rules for Machinery and
Systems (I-6-2), Section 18, F.4 are to be applied concerning ventilation arrangements (e.g. air changes
per hours, electrical equipment).

Pipe Tunnels

Pipe Tunnels
E.13.1 Pipe tunnels are to be at least naturally ventilated.
E.13.2 If the pipe tunnels are to be entered via doors or hatches for operating (e.g. for normal operation
of valves or reading of measuring instruments) a mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
E.13.3 If the pipe tunnels are entered from the engine room the engine room ventilation system may
be accepted as sufficient means of mechanical ventilation.
E.13.4 Pipe tunnels containing ducts or pipes with flanges, valves or pumps and open ends to hazardous
areas requiring explosion proof equipment, belonging to the extended hazardous areas (zone 2),
see F.2 These areas are considered safe if they are ventilated with at least 6 changes of air per hour.
Should the ventilation fail, this shall be announced optically and audibly and the equipment not permitted
for the extended hazardous area shall be switched off.
E.14 Thruster rooms
Thruster rooms are to be provided with suitable ventilation so as to allow simultaneously crew attendance
and thruster machinery operation at rated power for the intended period of time.

If the emergency generator

If the emergency generator starts automatically it is to be ensured that the fire closures are
open. In case the fire closures do not open automatically, a warning plate is to be provided stating that
they are to be kept open all the time.
E.12 Emergency fire pump room
The ventilation system of the space in which the emergency fire pump respectively the fire pump outside
engine room is installed shall be so designed that smoke cannot enter the room in the event of a fire in
the engine room. Forced ventilation, if necessary for pump operation, is to be connected to the emergency
power supply. If continuously air supply is needed for operation of emergency fire pump than the
height of ventilation openings has to be in accordance with E.5.3.

For the separator spaces

For the separator spaces under E.10.1 and E.10.2 a specific capacity rate of 30 air changes
per hour is deemed to be sufficient. Higher air rates may be required due to heat generation within the
space.
E.11 Emergency generator rooms
E.11.1 The ventilation system serving the emergency generator room has to ensure a sufficient supply
of combustion and cooling air for the equipment installed.
E.11.2 In general, ventilators necessary to immediately supply the emergency generator room must
have coamings which comply with regulation 19(3) of LLC 1966, without weathertight closing appliances,
see also D.3.2. However, where due to vessels size and arrangement this is not practicable, lesser
heights for emergency generator room ventilator coamings may be accepted. In this case weathertight
closing appliances in accordance with regulation 19(4) of LLC 1966 in combination with other suitable
arrangements have to be provided to ensure an uninterrupted, adequate supply of ventilation to these
spaces 5.
E.11.3 Bulkheads between emergency generator room and open decks may have air intake openings
without means of closure, unless a fixed gas fire fighting system is fitted. However, for passenger vessels
carrying more than 36 passengers the ventilation openings are to be fitted with fire closures, which are to
be capable of being closed from outside the emergency generator room

Separator spaces

Separator spaces
E.10.1 Where fuel oil purifiers for heated fuel oil are installed in a separate enclosed space an independent
mechanical ventilation system (supply and exhaust air) is to be provided. This ventilation system
shall be so arranged that gas/air mixtures or vapours cannot enter into other parts of the engine room. A
ventilation system ensuring equivalent separation from the engine room ventilation system, e.g. by means
of locally controlled fire closures, may be accepted. For the height of ventilation openings E.5.3 is to be
observed.
E.10.2 Where fuel oil purifiers for heated fuel oil are installed in a space open to the engine room a
mechanical exhaust ventilation system is to be provided ensuring that gas/air mixtures or vapours cannot
enter into other parts of the engine room.