In the UK

In the UK, heat pumps have mainly found application in the commercial/ institutional sector, with an installed base in 2000 of some 600,000 systems. Current annual sales in the UK are estimated at 70,000 systems. These are mostly reverse cycle split systems. In the residential market around 380 units were sold in 2000 and a market is emerging for residential ground-source heat pumps. Thus, the commercial/ institutional market is expected to be the major area of heat pump application in the UK for the time frame 20002020. A model was developed that distinguishes ten sub-sectors. The model takes into account anticipated trends in construction, in the penetration of air conditioning, equipment replacement rates, changing fuel mix for electricity generation and improvements in the performance of heat pumps and fossil fuel boilers (the common heating system in the UK). Different refrigerants and SPFs (Seasonal Performance Factors) were used to calculate the direct and indirect components of the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI). Figure 13 shows that the sub-sector with the greatest potential to reduce CO2 emissions is the office buildings sector with a reduction of 0.2 Mt in 202

China is eager

China is eager to use sustainable and sound technologies, as they have a positive effect on energy conservation and environmental protection. The Beijing municipal government has adopted heat pump technology as one of the four supporting technologies for realising the energy and environment targets of the city. We are sure that heat pump technologies will have a bright future in China, so we welcome more cooperation in the heat pump sector and other energy efficiency areas. We would like to take advantage of this opportunity to acknowledge the financial support provided by the conference sponsors. We would also like to extend our sincere thanks to all regional coordinators, speakers invited to the conference, session chairpersons, authors of papers, the conference secretariat and the participants, who have all supported the conference and put in a lot of hard work

Qualifying Homes and Business’

Qualifying Homes and Business’
The following requirements must be met to qualify: • Weatherization levels of the home must meet or exceed the following requirements: − Attic insulation of R-19 minimum (where physical construction of the attic allows installation of insulation by conventional methods) − Adequate weather-stripping − Adequate caulking Note: Additional weatherization such as floor insulation and storm windows may be required to meet minimum thermal balance point. • In a dwelling application, if requirements are not met, additional weatherization must be in the process of being installed to meet or exceed (up to the maximum allowed) those required levels. Weatherization standards and weatherization inspection procedures are found in the Reference Materials Manual.  Distributors may select requirements for  business applications. • Equipment shall be sized and selected to meet the requirements of the Installation Standards section of this section. These minimum weatherization measures shall be installed before the final inspection of the heat pump system. Installation of customer optional storm windows and floor insulation, installed in conjunction with the heat pump, must also be completed prior to the system inspection. All new weatherization measures installed must be in accordance with Reference Materials.

Polyethylene pipes

Polyethylene pipes shall be joined only by socket or butt heat fusion methods. Polybutylene pipe shall be joined only by the socket heat fusion method. Metal barbed fittings or clamps shall not be allowed below ground surface. ⇒ Only proper fusion equipment as specified by the heat pump and/or pipe manufacturer shall be used. Proper heater plate temperatures, heating times, and curing times for various grades, thickness, and sizes of pipe shall be maintained. ⇒ Equipment room piping may be plastic, copper, or other material as allowed by the heat pump manufacturer. − Heat Pump & Circulation System Equipment and Installation ⇒ Pressure/temperature (P/T) test ports, such as "Pete's Plugs" or equal, shall be installed at the "water-in" and "water-out" pipe connections on the heat pump. ⇒ All equipment room piping shall be insulated with 1/2-inch Armaflex (or equal) insulation to prevent condensation. ⇒ System components (such as circulating pumps) shall be installed as specified by the component and/or heat pump manufacturer. Only bronze or stainless steel pumps shall be allowed. ⇒ The system circulating pump(s) shall have sufficient capacity to provide the design gallon-per-minute flow rate of the fluid being used in the system. ⇒ The system circulating pump(s) shall provide sufficient fluid velocity in the earth coil to result in turbulent flow (Reynolds Number, R > 2500). The calculation shall be made with viscosity and density of the fluid taken at the system's designed lowest entering water temperature. ⇒ The QCN member shall determine if antifreeze is required for the earth coil design. Calcium chloride or potassium acetate (GS4) shall not be used as antifreeze because of their corrosive nature

Ground Water Source

Ground Water Source Heat Pump and Earth Coupled Heat Pump Inspection Procedures
Inspector shall verify the ground water source heat pump and earth couple heat pump adhere to installation standards. (See Installation Standards for certain sections that do not apply.) In addition, inspector shall do the following: • Check ground water source heat pump and earth coupled heat pump for installation of pressure/temperature (P/T) test ports installed in the "water-in" and "water-out" piping runs at the unit. The P/T test ports shall be as close as possible to the heat pump. • Check system heating capacity as follows: − Allow heat pump system to operate for at least 15 minutes. − Measure water pressure drop between water-in and water-out test plugs at heat pump. (Use same instrument to measure both to reduce error). − Measure entering water temperature at water-in test plug.
Section 2B   01/16/2007
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− Using manufacturer's performance data, determine the water flow rate (gallons per minute) and the heating capacity of the installation using the measured pressure drop and the measured entering water temperature. − Determine heating capacity by using the following formula: Btuh = TD x 1.1 x CFM TD = temperature difference between supply air and return air 1.1 = air properties constant CFM = Cubic feet per minute air calculated, from funnel, temperature rise, or return air method  − Verify that system capacity is + 10 percent of the equipment manufacturer's rating at the test conditions

Attic Insulation

Attic Insulation - Preparation Work - Checklist • Verify that all specified preparation work was completed. • Verify that no insulation has been added that would cause damage to the structure. • Verify that any needed preparation work, such as correcting roof leaks, to ensure the insulating ability of the insulation material has been completed. • Ensure that proper insulating materials have been placed around knob-and-tube wiring in accordance with TVA standards. • Ensure that all sources of infiltration (air leaks) from the conditioned area into the attic have been properly sealed. • If the vapor barrier was improperly installed on the existing insulation, verify that it has been properly installed or made ineffective before additional insulation was added. • Ensure that approved cover plates have been installed on electrical junction boxes and that all electrical connections are properly enclosed or the electrical junction boxes have been properly blocked around. • Verify that proper clearances and blocking have been provided around all heat-dissipating devices and objects, such as recessed light fixtures, chimneys, flues, and exhaust fans. • Verify that proper blocking has been provided when required around other devices, such as the attic access or stairway, doorbell transformers, whole-house attic fans, exhaust fans that are not vented to the outside, etc. • Ensure that the proper ventilation air space exists above insulation materials that previously contacted the roof sheathing (1-inch minimum). • Ensure that clothes dryer vents have been extended to the outside.
Attic Insulation - Unfinished Attics - Checklist • Verify that all work specified on it has been completed by comparing it with the Heat Pump Installation Inspection Checklist TVA 6254T and the installed materials. • Verify that approved materials have been installed. If loose-fill insulation was installed, verify that the installer left an empty insulation bag on the premises. • Ensure that insulation has been installed only in the areas which should have been insulated. • Ensure that the material installed meets the R-value which should have been installed. • Check that the builder's statement (attic card) has been attached to a rafter, joist, etc., is clearly visible from the attic access entrance, and has been completed in accordance with TVA standards. • Determine from the coverage chart on the attic card if the correct number of bags of loose-fill material (if installed) has been installed. If the density of the loose-fill insulation appears improper, proceed with the following: • Ask customers if they counted the number of bags actually installed and obtain the number.

There are no provisions for emergency heat mode

There are no provisions for emergency heat mode for DFHP packaged systems.  In the event of the heat pump compressor or associated refrigeration equipment becoming inoperative, the furnace shall provide all required heating controlled from the second stage of the indoor thermostat in the heating mode.
i. Manufactured Home Heat Pump Inspection Procedures Inspect Manufactured Home heat pump equipment and duct system(s) for adherence to Standards The preceding inspection procedures shall apply to all Manufactured Home heat pump systems except as follows:
1) See Standards for certain sections that do not apply to Manufactured Home heat pump equipment.
2) Verify that when heat pumps installed in manufactured homes use field installed supply and/or return ductwork section, and it is installed in compliance with Standards. (Major)
3) Check to see that the heat pump applied to manufactured housing ductwork is capable of operating within manufacturer's specifications and is approved for that use. (Major)
4) Verify that the manufactured home was made in 1976. (Major)
5) Verify that the heat pump/manufactured duct system provides the manufacturer's recommended air flow across the indoor coil. (Major)

TVA Recommended

TVA Recommended Heat Pump Installation Standards Encouraging the Purchase of Energy Efficient Heat Pumps The energy right ® Heat Pump Plan is designed to encourage the installation of electric heat pumps meeting program standards and requirements at residential dwellings and small commercial businesses. Under the plan, distributors of TVA power may be eligible to receive an MVP for installation of a heat pump meeting TVA’s installation standards. Qualifying Homes and Business’ The following requirements must be met to qualify: • Weatherization levels of the home must meet or exceed the following requirements: − Attic insulation of R-19 minimum (where physical construction of the attic allows installation of insulation by conventional methods) − Adequate weather-stripping − Adequate caulking Note: Additional weatherization such as floor insulation and storm windows may be required to meet minimum thermal balance point. • In a dwelling application, if requirements are not met, additional weatherization must be in the process of being installed to meet or exceed (up to the maximum allowed) those required levels. Weatherization standards and weatherization inspection procedures are found in the Reference Materials Manual. Distributors may select requirements for business applications. • Equipment shall be sized and selected to meet the requirements of the Installation Standards section of this section.

If the discharge pressure exceeds

corresponding signal from the ambient thermostat to satisfy the cooling demand. 6) When the unit stops at the end of an operating cycle, or through a power failure, the logic module will not allow it to start up again until 5 minutes have elapsed. This is to protect the compressor by allowing the operating voltages to even up. 7) If the discharge pressure exceeds 28 kg/cm2 , or the discharge temperature is over 130°C, the logic module will switch off the unit, leaving the system in lockout. 8) To re-set after a lock-out, turn off the power supply to the unit. The system will re-set and the unit will start up after 5 minutes. Winter cycle: Thermostat in HEAT position 1) The 4-way valve is deactivated, allowing the position for the heating circuit, which means that the indoor coil acts as condenser and the outdoor one as evaporator. 2) If the fan operating mode in the ambient thermostat is in the FAN ON position, the contactor is activated and the fan functions continuously. 3) With the logic module timing, the unit will start up after 5 minutes. 4) When the first stage of the thermostat connects, the contactor is activated and the compressor starts up. If the operating mode of the fan is "normal", the contactor is activated through the thermostat's heating circuit and the fan starts up. 5) The unit will function intermittently in response to the appropriate signals from the ambient thermostat to satisfy the demand for heating. 6) If the unit stops, after an operating cycle, or through a power failure, the logic module will not allow it to start up again until 5 minutes have elapsed. This is to protect the compressor by allowing the operating voltages to even up. 7) If the discharge pressure exceeds 28 kg/cm2 , or the discharge pressure is over 130°C, the logic module will stop the unit, leaving the system in lockout. 8) To re-set after a lock-out, switch off the power to the unit. The system will re-set and the unit start up after 5 minutes. 9) The auxiliary heater is activated when the auxiliary heating stage of the thermostat is connected. The logic module allows the indoor auxiliary heater to function if the outdoor temperature is below the balance point. If the outdoor temperature is above that set as the balance point, the indoor heater does not function. 10) The emergency heater (complementary) is connected when the outdoor temperature is lower than that preselected as the operating limit (-15°C, logic module), and the ambient thermostat demands the second heating stage.