In the UK

In the UK, heat pumps have mainly found application in the commercial/ institutional sector, with an installed base in 2000 of some 600,000 systems. Current annual sales in the UK are estimated at 70,000 systems. These are mostly reverse cycle split systems. In the residential market around 380 units were sold in 2000 and a market is emerging for residential ground-source heat pumps. Thus, the commercial/ institutional market is expected to be the major area of heat pump application in the UK for the time frame 20002020. A model was developed that distinguishes ten sub-sectors. The model takes into account anticipated trends in construction, in the penetration of air conditioning, equipment replacement rates, changing fuel mix for electricity generation and improvements in the performance of heat pumps and fossil fuel boilers (the common heating system in the UK). Different refrigerants and SPFs (Seasonal Performance Factors) were used to calculate the direct and indirect components of the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI). Figure 13 shows that the sub-sector with the greatest potential to reduce CO2 emissions is the office buildings sector with a reduction of 0.2 Mt in 202